sci常用词汇短语总结。虽然学科领域不同，但起承转合的sci逻辑套路是共通的，掌握了这些常用词汇和短语，了解了提示文章逻辑的连接词，又掌握了文章论述中惯用的表达方式，一定能帮您在sci过程中更轻松容易，提高写作效率。
说起英语的重要性，相信广大做科研的小伙伴们可能各有各的领悟。publish or perish,发表或者毁灭，真是让人痛并渴望着。要想在科研界混，没有几篇拿得出手的sci，还怎么愉快得在小伙伴面前装b,还怎么在申请标书课题的时候拿来装点一下门面?但很多做科研的人，做起实验来是如鱼得水，潇洒自如，但是对于英文写作是望而生畏，一直苦于入门难，写成难，想写好更难。
不要紧，科研是一个讲规矩的世界，不但做课题设计有套路规范，英语也有一些基本的常识和构架在其中，其实把拆解来看，就会发现的格式很像是八股文，有很明显的套路的痕迹，依然是遵循起承转合的模式框架。
本文对英语的高频词汇和短语部分做一个整理和总结。俗话说，巧妇难为无米之炊。什么是科研的米呢，就是词汇和短语。在基础科研中，要想文章写得准确清晰，要有多大的词汇量才够用呢?第一点建议是大家对自己研究术语表达和内涵要清楚，为了增加文章的多样化表达，对应常用专业术语的各种同义词表述要做一个整理。第二点，大家要掌握英语的高频词汇，像是逻辑连接词、程度副词、动词、上义词和下义词的指代等等。
第一部分，我先介绍一些英语中常用的逻辑连接词。如何让读者快速抓到文章的脉络呢，这其中少不了逻辑连接词的功劳，逻辑连接词的作用就好比是线，把一个个的论点论据给串起来。逻辑连接词也是文章逻辑最直观的体现。
并列递进
moreover, in addition, furthermore, besides, likewise, also, then, additionally
转折
not, yet, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, meanwhile, on the other hand, on the contrary, conversely, paradoxically, by contrast, in spite of，rather than, instead of, unfortunately
解释
in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms
对比比较
likewise, similarly, in parallel to, while, whereas,
原因
because, because of, as, since, owing to, due to, thanks to, for this reason
结果
therefore, as a result, then, consequently, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence
举例
for example, for instance, as such, such as, take ...for example, to illustrate, to name a few
总结
overall, eventually, consequently, in summary,in a word, as a result, together, collectively, thus, hence, consequently, on the whole, in conclusion, to sum up, in brief, to conclude, to summarize, in short, briefly
强调
surprisingly, interestingly, intriguingly, strikingly, unexpectedly, clearly, obviously, apparently, in fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, undoubtedly, notably, specifically, particularly, especially
firstly, ... secondly, ... finally ...; first, ... then ... etc.
让步
although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly,given that
可能
presumably, probably, perhaps
第二部分，我们根据科研中必备的套路来个性化总结一些词组的使用。
1、大家在文章中肯定有这样一句，虽然这个科学问题很重要，然而有哪个具体的细节关键我们还不知道。“不知道”有哪些表述方式呢?
virtually/largely unknown, elusive, unclear, much less explored, surprisingly limited, less understood, unsolved, scarcely understood
2、如果是研究某些新材料、新技术等，我们在文章中又该从哪几个方面来夸我们的成果呢?
reliability and validity, robust and fundamental, efficiency and specificity, cost-effectiveness(price), the simplicity of the protocols, the amount of labor required, equipment requirement，necessary or sufficient
3、在引用别人文献中的论点论据时，我们该如何表述“别人说”呢?
clearly/obviously demonstrate, reveal, illustrate, prove, show, report, implicate, confirm, describe
4、“执行动词”的第n种表示方法。在引述别人工作的时，别人都如何“做”呢?
examine, perform, carry out, observe, compare, investigate, indicate, show, manipulate, test, establish, identify, detect, stimulate, analyse, assess, suggest, propose, speculate, determine, find, apply, purify, construct a model, devised a protocol, calculate, categorize, conduct, imply, measure,explore, reason, observe, summarize, conduct, reveal, measure, estimate, employ, support,resolve
5、关于“方式方法”的“效应”评价，你真的可以玩转吗?
plays a central/ pivotal/ vitalkey/essentialrole
a powerful regulator/ a key molecular determinant, a well-accepted model
influence, affect, rescue, reverse, lead to, contribute to, attribute to, ascribe to, drop, reduce, increasing, attenuate, ameliorate, improve,mount,accumulate
6、写文章免不了溯古叙今，“时间表述词”，你掌握了吗?
recently, most recently, at the same time/period, since then, for several decades
7、重大影响的描述，教你如何夸“成果”
pushing the boundariesrecent/enormous advance, progress, knowledge, historic, perspectives, new/novel insights, seminal discovery, an emerging theme, major/important findings, a better understanding
冰冻三尺，非一日之寒，大家平时看文献时要多总结，多积累，有输入才有输出。多多练习之后，一定有质的变化。
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